澳媒報道不斷提及,澳洲已與美國結盟,美戰機和戰艦已經入駐北領地的達爾文港,分析稱,明顯地澳洲已經為與中國戰爭做了準備。
彭博社觀點專欄作家 Hal Brands(哈爾•布蘭茲)為美中兩強國的競爭和潛在戰爭走訪了日本、印度、澳大利亞和英國,目的是想要深入了解在強國之戰中,這些美國最依賴的夥伴的真實立場。
雖然遼闊的太平洋將澳洲與亞洲分段,但堪培拉非常明白,如果中國與台灣有衝突,澳洲不可能不受影響。
Brands在文章利表示,如果說日本是美國最重要的盟友,那麼澳大利亞從歷史上就是美國最信賴和忠誠的依靠。以往美國參與的各種重大戰爭,澳洲都不會缺席,如果美國和中國必有一戰,那麼澳大利亞就是美國最能依賴的「軍港」。
Brands走訪了悉尼和堪培拉,他認為由於台灣的危機,整體形式將澳洲、日本和美國推出一個西太平洋的「鐵三角」,他用「遏制德意志帝國的聯盟」來形容這樣的關係,並稱是「讓人放心卻又不安」的。
前工黨陸克文政府執政時,澳洲拒絕在華盛頓和北京之間做出選擇,對與歷史盟友美國的關係也是避而不提。而後在自由黨政府執政時,來自北京的政治滲透和賄賂引發朝野震動,澳洲社會的輿論為此開始轉向。
2020年COVID疫情之初,莫里森政府公開支持對COVID-19病毒 (時稱,武漢病毒)的起源進行獨立調查,中共因此對澳大利亞實施惡意的經濟報復。Brands表示,在堪培拉的一位國防專家稱,「澳大利亞是沒有辦法在中國人主導的地區生存」,「(北京)希望成為澳洲的「總督府」,要不聽從北京的或者選擇承擔後果。 」
而北京在南太平洋海域的影響日漸擴大,並多次在自由海域的南海航道上對澳洲巡邏艦和巡邏機作出挑釁性的行為,引發了澳大利亞對該地區航道和海道的擔憂。
近年來,華盛頓遏制中國電信企業-華為在美國的發展,澳洲也拒絕華為進入澳洲基建,美國、英國和澳洲創建了新的安全組織AUKUS,同時澳政府最近與日本簽署了一份聯合聲明,兩國承諾「就可能影響我們主權和地區安全利益的突發事件」進行磋商和合作。
Brands分析道,當今的澳大利亞和日本是一個非凡的歷史轉變,1942 年時,澳大利亞北部擔心日本入侵,如今,日軍正準備與澳大利亞軍隊在那裡一起訓練。與日本一樣,澳大利亞也在努力增強其自衛能力。
據澳媒報道稱,作為美澳軍事聯盟協議,具有核能力的美國 B-52 轟炸機將很快在澳大利亞北部運行。 AUKUS去年宣布將生產核動力攻擊潛艇和(更快)無人水下航行器和其他先進海洋防禦軍事設備。
根據媒體的報道,澳大利亞似乎也可能租用一艘或多艘美國攻擊潛艇,直到根據 AUKUS 協議建造的潛艇準備就緒。隨著國防開支的增加,澳洲對網絡戰和情報能力的投資也在增加。Brands說:「澳大利亞軍隊規模小,距離台灣海峽遠。澳大利亞人不會有大量的火力來為台灣的戰鬥做出貢獻。」
Brands在文章中寫道,曾有澳大利亞官員表示,在一場勝敗差距微乎其微的衝突中,澳洲的軍隊可能發揮關鍵性的作用。 「澳大利亞在大局中,希望使用一種地理分工的方式,澳洲利用空中和海上的力量來確保東南亞地區的暢通無阻,日本則希望控制東北部的亞洲,美國會直接破壞外力對台灣的入侵和封鎖,」該官員說。
有預測稱,在台海衝突中,美國空軍和海軍陸戰隊可能會從澳大利亞基地開展行動。澳大利亞的太空、網絡戰和情報資產將起到至關重要的作用。
Brands認為,「距離」在美中爭奪中並不是澳大利亞面臨的唯一困境,還有未來軍備上的發展,包括資金。有澳媒分析稱,無論是對中國還是美國,澳洲與盟友或軍事夥伴深化合作都會引發澳人對本國主權的擔憂。儘管如此,澳媒近期的民調顯示,超過半數澳洲民眾贊成如果美國在中國入侵台灣的時候,出手保護的話,那麼澳洲也該出兵保衛台灣。
但是,直至今日,澳洲Anthony Albanese政府仍沒有公開確定澳洲的意向,不過有國防官員向Brands私下表明,如果台灣被入侵,澳洲是不會袖手旁觀的。
Brands在文章中用德意志帝國時期法國、俄羅斯和英國之間三方協約國的關係來形容西太平洋「鐵三角」的關係,以鬆散的聯盟來挑戰現時代專制「德意志帝國」的力量。也就是說,中國一旦對台灣發動攻擊,面對的就不只是台灣的抗戰,而是將陷入「一加三」的反侵略局面。
Brands認為,當時的三國協約沒有辦法阻止第一次世界大戰,部分原因是其「鬆散」,缺乏約束三國的條約,他警告稱,當今民主國家也面臨著類似的挑戰。
Brands評論道,無論日本、美國還是澳大利亞,均表示不會讓中國占領台灣,但卻從沒有正式作出承諾。而美國與日本是單獨的聯盟,美國與澳大利亞也是單獨的聯盟,澳洲與日本的盟約也表示會對攜手合作抵抗危及安全的因素。但目前並沒有機制將三國或四國(日本、美國、澳大利亞和英國)視為一個機制,也就是說如果四個國家的其中一個受到攻擊的時候,並沒有一個確保機制的存在,當然也沒有一個指揮機制讓聯盟囯能有效的共同作戰。
Brands認為,有著第一次世界大戰的前車之鑑,幾個聯盟國之間依然保持「模糊」狀態是需要考慮的。
有分析稱,如今的台海危機有著一觸即發的危險,而權力結構或國際形式的改變或許都會加深這個危機。「澳洲官員向我說道,五年內澳洲很難將軍事力量大幅提升,因此加強震懾或是最好的辦法。」 Brands表示,華盛頓和日本都希望北京明白,如果北京對台灣出手,面臨的將是強大的民主聯盟。
編者按: Hal Brands(哈爾•布蘭茲)是彭博社觀點專欄作家,也是約翰霍普金斯大學高級國際研究學院的特聘教授,最近與人合著了《危險地帶:與中國即將發生的衝突》一書,他也是國務院外交政策委員會的成員。
本文由看新聞網原創、編譯或首發,並保留版權。轉載必須保持文本完整,聲明文章出自看新聞網並包含原文標題及鏈接。
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